水素分子ドナーの種類と体内薬物動態に関する総説
Molecular hydrogen (H₂) is a small gaseous molecule with documented biomedical properties, capable of diffusing readily into biological tissues. Multiple administration routes have been developed for research and public health applications, including inhalation of H₂ gas, oral intake of hydrogen-rich water, intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of hydrogen-rich saline, oral solid-state sustained-release formulations, and promotion of endogenous H₂ production via intestinal microbiota. Each route produces distinct pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo, which in turn modulate the magnitude and duration of biological effects. This review systematically categorizes the principal H₂ donor types and compares their respective in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics, providing a framework for understanding how delivery method influences H₂ bioavailability and efficacy.
As a small-molecule gas, H₂ diffuses freely into tissues. Its pharmacokinetic behavior—including peak concentration, distribution, and clearance—varies substantially depending on the delivery route (inhalation, oral water, injection, solid sustained-release, or gut microbial production), thereby affecting the extent and duration of its biomedical effects.
This study combines multiple delivery routes. As a general principle, the most efficient route for routine hydrogen intake is inhalation. Inhalation carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).
See also:
https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/31008498