水素生成・貯蔵におけるシリコンナノ構造体の役割：レビュー
This review consolidates research on hydrogen generation and storage using silicon-based nanostructures and composites. Silicon nanoparticles, porous silicon, and silicon nanowires have all demonstrated hydrogen generation capacity; silicon nanocrystals react with water or alcohol solutions, undergoing complete oxidation and hydrolysis to yield hydrogen gas regardless of particle size or surface chemistry. Porous silicon nanostructures offer a large internal specific surface area bearing SiH bonds, enabling molecular hydrogen release via thermal decomposition of SiHx groups or reaction with water and alkali. The review also addresses theoretical modeling and simulation of hydrogen behavior in these materials, with reference to DOE targets of gravimetric capacity exceeding 6.5 wt% and sorption/desorption at −20 to +100 °C under ambient pressure. Potential integration with fuel cells as alternatives to lithium-ion batteries in drones and portable devices is discussed. Additionally, silicon-based materials are examined as in vivo hydrogen sources, exploiting hydrogen's selective scavenging of reactive oxygen species—particularly hydroxyl radicals—with reported relevance to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, Parkinson's disease, and hepatitis.
Silicon nanocrystals react with water or alcohol via hydrolysis and complete oxidation to generate molecular hydrogen. In biological contexts, the released hydrogen selectively neutralizes reactive oxygen species, particularly hydroxyl radicals, thereby exerting antioxidant effects.
The delivery route is not clearly identifiable from this paper. For hydrogen intake, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk (empirical LFL of 10%; high-concentration devices are not recommended).
See also:
https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/41090875